Sunday, November 8, 2015

Alcohol Withdrawal Guideline


This guideline is the Institutional Guideline for all of UK Healthcare and is based upon: 1)  liberal screening using CAGE followed by 2) regular CIWA scoring every 4 hours for 24 hours (http://www.mdcalc.com/ciwa-ar-for-alcohol-withdrawal/). See nursing and physician components below. Key points:
  • Everyone gets a single IV dose of thiamine (1 vial)
  • If high risk for WE/KP or deficiency, activate aggressive replacement strategy of thiamine/folate/magnesium
  • Do not use rally packs
  • Valium load for most patients (Ativan for liver disease)

1.    Assess for patients at high risk of alcohol withdrawal as follows: 
CAGE > 2, h/o withdrawal seizures or previous hospitalization for alcohol use disorder.
2. If screen is positive: contact primary team for initiation of CIWA & thiamine/folate supplementation 
3. Initiate Thiamine/Folate Therapy:
□ Thiamine 200mg IV once, then 100mg PO daily x 6 days
□ Folate 1mg PO daily x 7 days
□ DO NOT utilize IV Rally Packs
NOTE: If high-risk for deficiency/WE (prior seizures, prior DTs, ICU admission, cognitive impairment, mental illness, or definitive/presumptive diagnosis of WE), utilize high-dose thiamine, folic acid, and magnesium replacement algorithm:
·         Thiamine 200mg q8h x 72h (PMID 20642790, 12414541, 9719389, 11304071, 21912244)
·         Folic acid 1mg IV once, then 1mg PO x 7 days (PMID 605207, 15745884)
·         Magnesium 4gm IV once over 2 hours, then 2gm IV x 3 days 
(PMID 3544909, 433814, 14080503)

4. If documented history of alcohol related seizures or delirium tremens:
□ Diazepam 10mg PO Q8h x 3 doses (Ativan for liver disease)

5. Consider Chemical Dependency Consult

6. Nursing Orders
□ Complete baseline CIWA then follow the protocol for vital sign frequency and to assess the patient’s need for symptom based treatment.
□ If patient is sleeping, do not wake the patient up to give diazepam/lorazepam or assess the patient’s   CIWA score; Assess the CIWA score when patient awakens.
□ CALL MD parameters: BP ≥ 160/100 or ≤ 80/60; HR ≥ 100 or ≤ 60; RR ≤ 10 or ≥ 20.
□ CALL MD for all CIWA ≥ 15

□ Assess patient 15 mins after each benzodiazepine dose for sedation

7. Initiate symptom triggered medical management based on CIWA Score:
·       Diazepam (Valium) preferred in most patients
·       Lorazepam (Ativan) if marked liver disease suspected or age >60

CIWA Score

Intervention
1-7
None - Mild
·  No medication indicated
·  Continue CIWA q4h
·  If CIWA <8 for 24 hours, discontinue protocol and benzodiazepine orders.
8-14
Moderate
CALL MD before dose if CIWA remains >8 on 3 consecutive assessments (12 hours).
Standard Patient Population:
·  Diazepam 10mg PO (IV if unable to take PO)
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 4 hours and dose according to this table

Marked liver disease or patients > 60yo:
·  Lorazepam 2mg PO (IV if unable to take PO)
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 4 hours and dose according to this table

15-24
Severe
CALL MD for all CIWA ≥ 15

Standard Patient Population:
·  Diazepam 15mg PO (IV if unable to take PO)
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 2 hours and dose according to this table
Marked liver disease or patients > 60yo:
·  Lorazepam 3mg PO (IV if unable to take PO)
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 2 hours and dose according to this table
≥25
Very severe
CALL MD for all CIWA ≥ 15.
·  Activate Rapid Response Team
·  Diazepam 20mg IV and reassess 15 min after dose for worsening agitation.
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 30 min. 
After each benzodiazepine dose:
o   Assess @ 15min for signs of sedation.

                 
Diazepam (Valium) preferred in most patients
CIWA Score

Medication Orders – Diazepam Protocol
Nursing Orders – Diazepam Protocol
1-7
None - Mild

·  CIWA q4h
·  If CIWA <8 for 24 hours, discontinue protocol and benzodiazepine orders.
8-14
Moderate
Diazepam 10mg PO/IV q4h prn CIWA 8-14
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 4 hours and dose according to protocol
·  CALL MD before dose if CIWA remains >8 on 3 consecutive assessments (12 hours).
15-24
Severe
Diazepam 15mg PO/IV q2h prn CIWA 15-24

·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 2 hours and dose according to protocol
≥25
Very severe
Diazepam 20mg IV q30 minutes prn CIWA ≥25

·  Activate Rapid Response Team.
·  Reassess 15 minutes after dose given for worsening agitation.
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 30 min.


Lorazepam (Ativan) consider in marked liver disease or age >60
CIWA Score

Medication Orders – Lorazepam Protocol
Nursing Orders – Lorazepam Protocol
1-7
None - Mild

·  CIWA q4h
·  If CIWA <8 for 24 hours, discontinue protocol and benzodiazepine orders.
8-14
Moderate
Lorazepam 2mg PO/IV q2h prn CIWA 8-14
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 2 hours and dose according to protocol
·  CALL MD before dose if CIWA remains >8 on 3 consecutive assessments.
15-24
Severe
Lorazepam 3 PO/IV q1h prn CIWA 15-24

·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 1 hour and dose according to protocol
≥25
Very severe
Lorazepam not recommended

Diazepam 20mg IV q30 minutes prn CIWA ≥25

·   Activate Rapid Response Team.
·  Reassess 15 minutes after dose given for worsening agitation.
·  Repeat CIWA and VS in 30 min.

Posted 11/8/15 (A Bernard/S Priest); Revised 9/26/24 (A Bernard)